Tikiake i te pdf o ngā Whakatakotoranga me ngā Ahu Kurupae ASTM W Hou
W4X13 W8X40 W10X22 W14X82 W14X109 Rahi ASTM A572-50 A992 Ngā Kurupae Whānui
Ka tukuna e te ROYAL GROUP ngā taonga kounga teiteiNgā Kurupae Whānui (Ngā Kurupae W)hangaia ki ASTM A572 Tau 50meASTM A992paerewa. E wātea ana i roto i ngā rahi rongonui tae atu kiW4X13, W8X40, W10X22, W14X82, me W14X109, e whakamahia whānuitia ana ā mātou kurupae maitai hanganga i roto i ngā whare arumoni, ngā whare ahumahi, ngā piriti, ngā whare putunga, me ngā kaupapa hanganga. Mā te kaha tino pai, te tika o ngā āhuatanga, me te āheinga whakarewa, ka whakaratohia e ēnei kurupae W he tautoko hanganga pono mō ngā tono hanga uaua puta noa i te ao.
| Taonga | Whakatakotoranga |
| Ingoa Hua | Kurupae Whānui (Kurupae W) |
| Ngā Rahi e Wātea ana | W4X13, W8X40, W10X22, W14X82, W14X109 me ētahi atu |
| Ngā Tohu Rino | ASTM A572 Tau 50, ASTM A992 |
| Paerewa | ASTM A6, ASTM A572, ASTM A992 |
| Rauemi | Hanganga maitai waro |
| Mata | Pango, Peita, Pirau wera-tuku, Paninga tuatahi |
| Roa | 6m, 9m, 12m, Whakaritenga rānei |
| Te tukatuka | Te tapahi, te keri, te whakarewa, te whakapūmau |
| MOQ | 1 Tōna |
| Te tākai | Te Tākai Paerewa Kaweake Moana |
| Tukunga | 15–25 Ngā Rā Mahi |
| Tau | C (Mōrahi) | Mn | Si | P (Mōrahi) | S (Mōrahi) | Cu (Mini rawa, mēnā kua tohua) | Ngā Tuhipoka |
| ASTM A36 | 0.26 | 0.80–1.20 | ≤0.40 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.2 | maitai waro hanganga whānui |
| ASTM A572 Tau 50 | 0.23 | ≤1.35 | ≤0.40 | 0.04 | 0.05 | — | Rino kaha-teitei, iti-koranu (HSLA) |
| ASTM A992 | 0.23 | 0.50–1.50 | ≤0.40 | 0.035 | 0.045 | — | He maitai hanganga mō ngā āhua whānui (W) |
Tuhipoka:Tērā pea ka rerekē ngā uara hanganga matū i runga i te tukanga whakaputa me ngā whakaritenga ASTM e tika ana. Ko ngā uara Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (MTC) te mea nui mō ia puranga. Kei te wātea ngā tohu ritenga ina tonoa.
| Tau | Kaha Hua (Minimum) | Kaha Kume | Te Roroa (Mini) | Te Mahi Pānga |
| ASTM A36 | 250 MPa (36 ksi) | 400–550 MPa (58–80 ksi) | 20% | He pai te whakarewa me te ngāwari |
| ASTM A572 Tau 50 | 345 MPa (50 ksi) | 450–620 MPa (65–90 ksi) | 18–21% | He kaha teitei me te pakari tino pai |
| ASTM A992 | 345 MPa (50 ksi) | 450–650 MPa (65–95 ksi) | 18% | He tino pai te mahi rū whenua me te ngāwari |
Tuhipoka:Ka tutuki ngā āhuatanga miihini i ngā paerewa ASTM e tika ana. Tērā pea ka rerekē ngā uara tuturu i runga i te rahi o te wāhanga, te tukanga hanga, me te maimoatanga wera. Ka whakaratohia ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (MTC) me ia uta.
| Whakatūnga | Hōhonutanga h (inihi) | Whānui w (inihi) | Matotorutanga Tukutuku (s) | Horahanga Wāhanga (in²) | Taumaha (lb/ft) | Ix (in⁴) | Iy (in⁴) | Wx (in³) | Wy (in³) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W 4×13 | 4.16 | 4.06 | 0.28 | 3.8 | 13 | 11.3 | 3.9 | 5.5 | 1.9 |
| W 5×16 | 5.01 | 5.00 | 0.24 | 4.7 | 16 | 21.3 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 3.0 |
| W 5×19 | 5.15 | 5.03 | 0.27 | 5.5 | 19 | 26.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 3.6 |
| W 6×12 | 6.03 | 4.00 | 0.23 | 3.6 | 12 | 22.1 | 3.0 | 7.3 | 1.5 |
| W 6×15 | 5.99 | 5.99 | 0.23 | 4.4 | 15 | 29.1 | 9.3 | 9.7 | 3.1 |
| W 6×16 | 6.28 | 4.03 | 0.26 | 4.7 | 16 | 32.1 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 2.2 |
| W 6×20 | 6.20 | 6.02 | 0.26 | 5.9 | 20 | 41.4 | 13.3 | 13.4 | 4.4 |
| W 6×25 | 6.38 | 6.08 | 0.32 | 7.3 | 25 | 53.4 | 17.1 | 16.7 | 5.6 |
| W 8×10 | 7.89 | 3.94 | 0.17 | 2.9 | 10 | 30.3 | 2.1 | 7.8 | 1.1 |
| W 8×13 | 7.99 | 4.00 | 0.23 | 3.8 | 13 | 39.6 | 2.7 | 9.9 | 1.4 |
| W 8×15 | 8.11 | 4.02 | 0.245 | 4.4 | 15 | 48.0 | 3.4 | 11.8 | 1.7 |
| W 8×18 | 8.14 | 5.25 | 0.23 | 5.3 | 18 | 61.9 | 8.0 | 15.2 | 3.0 |
| W 8×21 | 8.28 | 5.27 | 0.25 | 6.2 | 21 | 75.3 | 9.8 | 18.2 | 3.7 |
| W 8×24 | 7.93 | 6.495 | 0.245 | 7.1 | 24 | 82.8 | 18.3 | 20.9 | 5.6 |
| W 8×28 | 8.06 | 6.535 | 0.285 | 8.3 | 28 | 98.0 | 21.7 | 24.3 | 6.6 |
| W 8×31 | 8.00 | 7.995 | 0.285 | 9.1 | 31 | 110 | 37.1 | 27.5 | 9.3 |
| W 8×35 | 8.12 | 8.02 | 0.31 | 10.3 | 35 | 127 | 42.6 | 31.2 | 10.6 |
| W 8×40 | 8.25 | 8.07 | 0.36 | 11.7 | 40 | 146 | 49.1 | 35.5 | 12.2 |
| W 8×48 | 8.50 | 8.11 | 0.40 | 14.1 | 48 | 184 | 60.9 | 43.3 | 15.0 |
| W 8×58 | 8.75 | 8.22 | 0.51 | 17.1 | 58 | 228 | 75.1 | 52.0 | 18.3 |
| W 8×67 | 9.00 | 8.28 | 0.57 | 19.7 | 67 | 272 | 88.6 | 60.4 | 21.4 |
| W 10×12 | 9.87 | 3.96 | 0.19 | 3.5 | 12 | 53.8 | 2.2 | 10.9 | 1.1 |
| W 10×15 | 9.99 | 4.00 | 0.23 | 4.4 | 15 | 68.9 | 2.9 | 13.8 | 1.5 |
| W 10×17 | 10.11 | 4.01 | 0.24 | 5.0 | 17 | 81.9 | 3.6 | 16.2 | 1.8 |
| W 10×19 | 10.24 | 4.02 | 0.25 | 5.6 | 19 | 96.3 | 3.0 | 18.8 | 2.1 |
| W 10×22 | 10.17 | 5.75 | 0.24 | 6.5 | 22 | 118 | 11.4 | 23.2 | 4.0 |
| W 10×26 | 10.33 | 5.77 | 0.26 | 7.6 | 26 | 144 | 14.1 | 27.9 | 4.9 |
| W 10×30 | 10.47 | 5.81 | 0.30 | 8.84 | 30 | 170 | 16.7 | 32.4 | 5.8 |
| W 10×33 | 9.73 | 7.96 | 0.29 | 9.71 | 33 | 170 | 36.6 | 35.0 | 9.2 |
| W 10×39 | 9.92 | 7.985 | 0.315 | 11.5 | 39 | 209 | 45.0 | 42.1 | 11.3 |
| W 10×45 | 10.10 | 8.02 | 0.35 | 13.3 | 45 | 248 | 53.4 | 49.1 | 13.3 |
| W 10×49 | 9.98 | 10.00 | 0.34 | 14.4 | 49 | 272 | 93.4 | 54.6 | 18.7 |
| W 10×54 | 10.09 | 10.03 | 0.37 | 15.8 | 54 | 303 | 103 | 60.0 | 20.6 |
| W 10×60 | 10.22 | 10.08 | 0.42 | 17.6 | 60 | 341 | 116 | 66.7 | 23.0 |
| W 10×68 | 10.40 | 10.13 | 0.47 | 20.0 | 68 | 394 | 134 | 75.7 | 26.4 |
| W 10×77 | 10.60 | 10.19 | 0.53 | 22.6 | 77 | 455 | 154 | 85.9 | 30.1 |
| W 10×88 | 10.84 | 10.27 | 0.605 | 25.9 | 88 | 534 | 179 | 98.5 | 34.8 |
| W 10×100 | 11.10 | 10.34 | 0.68 | 29.4 | 100 | 623 | 207 | 112 | 40.0 |
| W 10×112 | 11.36 | 10.415 | 0.755 | 32.9 | 112 | 716 | 236 | 126 | 45.3 |
Pāwhiritia te pātene kei te taha matau
1. He kaha te tuku me te kaha kawe kawenga pai rawa atu
2. He pai ake te mahi whakarewa me te hanga
3. Tino tika te ine i ngā āhuatanga
4. He pai mō ngā tono hanganga taumaha
5. Kei te wātea me te paninga konukōre ātete-waikura
6. Ngāwari te kawe me te tāutanga
7. He roa te ora ratonga me te iti o te tiaki
8. Ngā ratonga tapahi me te tukatuka ritenga e wātea ana
At RŌPŪ KĪNGI, ka tirotirohia te kounga o ia kurupae maitai ASTM A36, A572, me te A992 kia tino tutuki ai ngā paerewa o te ao me ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa.
1. Tirotiro Rauemi Mata– Manatokohia te hanganga matū me te kounga o ngā rauemi maitai e tae mai ana.
2. Tirotiro Ahu– Tirohia ngā ine o te kurupae, te tika, te whānui o te flange, te matotoru o te tukutuku, me te roa e ai ki ngā paerewa ASTM.
3. Whakamātautau Āhuatanga Mīhini– Whakamātauria te kaha tuku, te kaha kume, me te roa hei whakarite i te mahi hanganga.
4. Tirotiro Kounga Mata– Tirohia mēnā he kapiti, he whakapiringa, he waikura, me ētahi atu hapa o te mata.
5. Whakamātautau Kore-Whakangaro (Whiringa)– Kei te wātea ngā Whakamātautau Ultrasonic (UT) me te Whakamātautau Matūriki Aukume (MT) ina tonoa.
6. Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira (MTC)– Ka tukuna mai me ia uta hei āwhina i te whai i ngā rauemi katoa.
7. Tirotiro a te Tuatoru– Kei te wātea ngā tirotiro motuhake a SGS, BV, TUV, me ētahi atu i mua i te tuku.
Ko tā mātou pūnaha whakahaere kounga whānui e whakamana ana ka tutuki i ia hihi H ngā paerewa kounga o te ao, ā, ka tukuna he mahi pono mō ngā kaupapa hanga, ahumahi, me ngā kaupapa hanganga.
1. Te Whakarite Rauemi Mata
Ka tīpakohia ngā pereki maitai kounga teitei, ngā pereti rānei, kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga ASTM A36, A572 Grade 50, A992 rānei. Ka whakamātauhia te hanganga matū kia tutuki ai ngā rauemi mata i ngā paerewa o te ao.
2. Tukanga Whakamahana
Ka whakamahanahia ngā pereki rino i roto i te oumu whakamahana anō ki te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana, kia rite ai te tohatoha pāmahana mō te hurihuri pai me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini.
3. Te Hurihuri Wera
Ka tukatukahia te maitai wera mā roto i ngā wāhanga hurihuri maha hei hanga i te kōtaha āhua-H. He tino tika te hanga o te tukutuku me ngā flange kia tika ai ngā ine me te kaha hanganga pai rawa atu.
4. Te Whakatikatika me te Tapahi
I muri i te hurihuri, ka whakatikatikahia ngā kurupae H kia tika ai te tūnga, kātahi ka tapahia kia rite ki ngā roa paerewa pēnei i te 6m, 9m, me te 12m, kia rite rānei ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
5. Maimoatanga Mata
Ka horoia, ka tukatukahia hoki ngā kurupae H rino i runga i ngā hiahia o te tono. Ko ngā kōwhiringa e wātea ana ko te mata mangu, te peita, te pupuhi pupuhi, me te whakawerawera wera hei whakapakari ake i te ātete ki te waikura.
6. Tirotiro Kounga
Ka tirotirohia ia kurupae H, tae atu ki ngā tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga, te tātari matū, te whakamātautau miihini, te tirotiro mata, me te whakamātautau ultrasonic ina hiahiatia.
Ngā Whare Rino Hanganga:E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā kurupae ASTM A36, A572, me te A992 H i roto i ngā whare arumoni, ngā hanganga teitei, ngā whare putunga, me ngā whare maitai kua oti te hanga. Nā te kaha me te roa o te mau, ka whai hua te hanganga me te pumau o te hanganga mō te wā roa.
Ngā Whare Ahumahi me ngā Whare Putunga:He mea tino pai ngā kurupae H mō ngā wheketere, ngā pokapū kawe taonga, me ngā whare putunga rokiroki, he tino pai te kaha ki te kawe kawenga, ā, e tautoko ana i ngā hanganga whānui, e hanga ana i ngā wāhi tuwhera o roto mō ngā mahi whai hua.
Ngā Kaupapa Piriti me ngā Hanganga:He tino kaha, he pakari hoki ngā kurupae H hanganga, ā, e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i ngā piriti, i ngā huarahi tere, i ngā whakaurunga kawe waka, me ētahi atu kaupapa hanganga e hiahia ana kia pono te mahi i raro i ngā kawenga taumaha.
Ngā Hanganga Mīhini me ngā Hanganga Tautoko:He pai ngā kurupae H maitai mō ngā turanga mīhini, ngā papa taputapu, ngā anga ahumahi, me ngā pūnaha tautoko, e tuku ana i te pumau tino pai, te roa o te ora, me te tautoko hanganga roa.
1. He tari peka ā mātou i Guatemala me te Hononga o Amerika, ā, e wātea ana te tautoko reo Pāniora
2. Neke atu i te 15 tau o te wheako ki te kaweake maitai
3. E 5,000 tana o te W Beam kei roto i te whare putunga
4. Ka whakamatautauria ia puranga o ngā kōtaha e te SGS
Hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kawe waka, kua tākaihia ngā kurupae H katoa e te tohunga:
He mea here ki ngā whitiki maitai kaha teitei
Ngā āputa tiaki hei ārai i te kino o te mata
Kei te wātea he uhi ārai wai
He pai mō te kawe i ngā ipu me ngā kaipuke nui
Tākai paerewa-kaweake mō ngā tuku ki tāwāhi
P1: He aha te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā kurupae H ASTM A36, A572, me A992?
He pai te A36 mō ngā tono hanganga whānui, he kaha ake te A572 Grade 50 mō ngā kaupapa taumaha, ko te A992 ia he mea hanga motuhake mō ngā kurupae whānui hanganga me te mahi ru me te kawenga tino pai.
Q2: Ka taea e koe te whakarato i ngā rahi kua whakaritea?
Āe. Ka tukuna e mātou ngā ine, ngā roa, te keri, te tapahi, te whakarewa, te werowero, me ngā maimoatanga mata kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga o te kaupapa.
Q3: Kei te whakarato koe i ngā Tiwhikete Whakamātautau Mira?
Āe. Kei roto i ia uta he MTC, ā, ka taea hoki te whakarite i ngā tirotiro a te hunga tuatoru pēnei i te SGS, BV, TUV rānei.
Q4: He aha ngā maimoatanga mata e wātea ana?
Kei te wātea ngā whakaotinga pango, te paninga peita, me ngā whakaotinga piauau wera-tuku, i runga i te taiao tono.
Q5: He aha te wā tuku noa?
Ko ngā hua paerewa ka tukuna i roto i ngā rā mahi 7–15, i runga i te rahinga ota me ngā whakaritenga whakaritenga.
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