Pāwhiritia hei tiki i tētahi Hoahoa 3D me te Tāpaetanga KOREUTU i roto i ngā hāora 24!
Hanganga Anga Rino Whare Whare Teitei Maha-papa Noho Tauhokohoko Ahumahi
TONO
Hanganga maitai whare nohoHe otinga hou, he otinga urutau hoki ngā anga maitai kua oti te hanga mō te hanganga o ngā whare arumoni tae atu ki ngā whare tari, ngā hūpāmakete hanganga maitai me ngā pokapū hākinakina.
Ngā wheketere ahumahi me te hanga peretiKa tautokona ngā mahi kawe kawenga ahumahi pēnei i te kurupae-H, te kurupae-I, te pereti maitai me ētahi atu kurupae maitai taumaha. Ā, koinei te whiringa tika mō ngā papa taputapu, ngā raina whakaputa me ngā papa wheketere.
Whare putunga tauira:He tere, he ohanga hoki te hanganga o ngā whare putunga me ngā pokapū tohatoha i roto i ngā whare rino kua oti kē te hanga. He tere te whakatūnga, ā, mā ngā wāhanga kua oti kē te hanga ka mau te kaha me te pakari.
Ngā Piriti me ngā Kaupapa HangangaI roto i ngā rauemi katoa e whakamahia ana mō te hanganga, ko te whakamahinga o te maitai te mea tino nui mō ngā piriti hanganga maitai, ngā rori, me ngā hanganga pūngao, nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hangarau uaua mō te kaha, te tika, me te ngāwari.
NGĀ TAIPITOPITO O TE HUA
Ngā hua hanganga rino matua mō te hanganga rino
1. Hanganga maitai matua Momo whare putunga
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Taupānga Matua | Ngā Painga Hanganga |
| Whare Putunga Rino Māmā kua Hangaia i Mua | Whānuitanga: 10–40 m | He wāhi rokiroki māmā mō ngā mahi kawe taonga, ngā wheketere iti ki te rahi, ngā whare putunga ahuwhenua | He tere te huihuinga kua oti te hanga; he iti te utu mō te turanga; he ātete ki te waikura te maimoatanga mata; he tino ohanga mō ngā kaupapa iti. |
| Teitei o te Matau: 4–15 m | |||
| Roa: Ka taea te whakarite | |||
| Whare Putunga Rino Whānui | Whānuitanga: 30–80 m | Ngā pokapū kawe taonga nui, ngā whare rokiroki papatipu, ngā whare putunga rauemi ahumahi taumaha | He whānui te wāhi, kāore he pou; he kaha ki te pikau i ngā kawenga; he ātete pai ki te hau me te hukarere; he ngāwari te urutau mō te tāutanga o te kerēni. |
| Teitei o te Matau: 6–20 m | |||
| Te kaha o te kerēni: 1–50 tana | |||
| Whare Putunga Rino Ā-Motu | Whānuitanga o te Wāhanga: 8–15 m | He wāhi rokiroki i hangaia teretia, he whare putunga rangitahi, he wāhi whakawhānui i runga i te tono | He hoahoa āhuahanga mō te whakawhanui ngāwari; he wāhanga paerewa; he huihuinga tere ki te papaanga; he pai ake mō ngā utu kawe iti. |
| Roa o te Wāhanga: 6–12 m | |||
| Tauine: Ka taea te whakawhanui mā ngā kōwae | |||
| Whare Putunga Rino Whakamarumaru | Whānuitanga: 10–50 m | Te rokiroki e whakahaerehia ana te pāmahana, te tiaki kai/taonga, te whakahaere mekameka matao | He ārai wera teitei me te whai huatanga o te pūngao; he pouaka ārai wai kua whakauruhia; he mahi ātete makuku tino pai mō ngā taonga e pāngia ana e te āhuarangi. |
| Teitei o te Matau: 4–12 m | |||
| Ārai: Ngā panera hanawiti EPS/Rockwool/PU | |||
| Whare Putunga Rino Taumaha | Whānuitanga: 25–70 m | Te hanga ahumahi taumaha, te rokiroki taputapu, ngā papa rauemi kawenga teitei | He matotoru ngā kōtaha maitai; he pai te amo kawenga taumaha; he pakari te hanganga tautoko kerene; he mea hanga mō te roa o te ora mahi (≥50 tau). |
| Momo Pou: Wāhanga-H/Wāhanga Pouaka | |||
| Te kaha o te kerēni: 20–100 tana |
2. Ngā hua pūnaha ārai (ātete ki te huarere + ārai-waikura)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Taupānga Matua | Ngā Painga Hanganga |
| Ngā Paewhiri Tuanui | Matotoru: 0.4–1.2 mm | Te whakakikorua o te tuanui o waho mō ngā whare rino, e whakarato ana i te parenga ā-huarere me te tohatoha kawenga hanganga | He ātete tino pai ki te hau; he paninga ārai-waikura kounga teitei; he mama mō te tāutanga tere me te utu whai hua |
| Rauemi: Rino Pirau / Konumohe-Konutea / PPGI | |||
| Ngā Paewhiri Whakakikorua Pakitara | Matotoru: 0.4–1.0 mm | Pūnaha ārai o waho mō ngā hanganga maitai ahumahi me te arumoni | He kōwhiringa whakamarumaru wera; he ātete wai me te ātete ahi e wātea ana; he tahora ā-pūrua mō te huihuinga tere i te papaanga |
| Momo: Paepae Hanawiti Kiri Kotahi / Paepae Hanawiti Whakamarumaru | |||
| Ngā Purlin C me Z | Tauira: C100–C300 / Z120–Z300 | Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuarua hei tautoko i ngā panera tuanui me ngā pakitara, hei whakawhiti hoki i ngā kawenga ki ngā anga rino matua. | He maitai hanga-matao kaha teitei; he wero tika mō te huihuinga pūmau; he mea whakarewa wera-tuku mō te ātete ki te waikura mō te wā roa |
| Matotoru: 1.5–3.0 mm | |||
| Pūnaha Tautoko | Pae Porowhita: Φ12–Φ20 | Te whakau i te hanganga taha, te whakarei ake i te ātete ki te hau me te rū whenua | Hononga pūmau/whakarewa ngāwari; tohatoha kaha whaitake; maimoatanga ārai-waikura katoa mō te mahi roa |
| Koki maitai: L50×5 – L100×8 | |||
| Ngā Here me ngā Whitiki | Wāhanga-H / maitai o te awa | Te hononga o ngā wāhanga matua o te hanganga hei whakapai ake i te pumau o te whare whānui | Te whakawhiti kawenga kua arotauhia; te whakapakari i te pono o te hanganga; te tino urutau ki ngā hoahoa hoahoa kanorau |
| Kei te wātea ngā kōtaha wāhanga ritenga |
3. Te tautoko i ngā hua āwhina (te urutaunga hanga ā-rohe)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Ngā Painga Hanganga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ngā Pūnaha Hononga Whānui | Ngā hononga maitai modular, ngā hononga elastomeric rānei Whānui: 50–200 mm | I hangaia hei mimiti i te whānui wera me te nekehanga hanganga i roto i ngā whare maitai me ngā hanganga roa | He rauemi pakari, he ngāwari te nekeneke; he kōwhiringa ngā whakaotinga ātete-waikura; he pai mō ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi rerekē |
| Ngā Ārai me ngā Ārai Haumaru | Ngā wāhanga hongere rino, ngā wāhanga ngongo rānei Teitei: 900–1200 mm | He ārai mō ngā tūāpapa, ngā ara hikoi, me ngā anga maitai teitei hei ārai i te hinganga. | He mata kua pania, kua wera-tōkia rānei; he ātete pānga teitei; he wāhanga whakarara, he ngāwari hoki te tāuta |
| Ngā Arawhata Uru me ngā Papa Tiaki | Ngā arawhata kōwiri (Φ32–Φ50) Ngā papa (te maitai koki L50×5) | Ka whakarite kia haumaru te urunga atu mō te tirotiro me te tiaki i ngā whare maitai ahumahi | Hoahoa mata ārai-paheke; hanganga māmā kua oti te hanga; tāutanga whai hua ki te papaanga |
| Ngā Pūnaha Waikeri me te Whakahaere Wai | Paepae maitai (Φ12 pae) Ngā awaawa waikeri (Wāhanga-C 100×50–150×75) | Ka whakahaere i te rere o te wai ua, ka ārai hoki i te kohikohinga o te wai i runga i ngā tuanui me ngā mata hanganga | He mea pania ki te kōwiri tira, he mea pania rānei kia ātete ai ki te waikura; he pakari i raro i te ua nui; he pai te whakauru ki ngā pūnaha tuanui |
| Ngā Hanganga Tautoko Rama me ngā Ratonga | Ngā pou rino, ngā whāriki whakairi, ngā paepae taura | Tautoko ana i ngā rama, ngā raina hiko, me ngā pūnaha whaipainga i roto i ngā whare maitai | He mata ārai-waikura kua tukatukahia i mua; he hoahoa whakakapinga ā-pūrua; e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa tāutanga ahumahi |
TE TUKA I TE HANGANGA RINO
Te tapahi
Te Tapahi Plasma me te Mura mō te Pereti Rino Matotoru.
Mīhini Kutikuti Tika mō ngā Pereti Angiangi.
Ka whakamanahia te rahi tika me te tapa tapahi ma.
Te hanga
Te hanga matao, te hanga pēhi pēhi rānei i ngā purlin, ngā awaawa me ngā whakapaipai
Ngā mīhini hanga rōra mō ngā mema porowhita me ngā pou porowhita
Ka whakarite i te horapa hanganga me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga
Whakarewa
Ka whakamahia te whakarewa pewa ruku mō ngā kurupae-H me ngā pou taumaha.
Te whakarewa āwhata o ngā pereti me ngā hononga hanganga mā te ringaringa
Te whakarewanga i te hau CO₂ i runga i ngā wāhanga angiangi
Tirotiro Whakarewa ki te Whakapono Katoa ki te Pono o te Hanganga
Te Tukatuka Kōhao
Te keri CNC mō te whakataurite tika i te kōhao pūtu
Ngā mīhini perehi poka mō ngā wāhanga puranga iti
Mā te tūnga tino tika ka māmā te tāutanga ki te papaanga
Te Maimoatanga Mata
Te pupuhi pupuhi, te pupuhi onepu rānei hei tango i te waikura
Te huri i ngā whakarewa me te whakakanapa i ngā mata/ngā whakaotinga
Te whakawerawera i ngā pūtu me ngā wāhanga tautoko kia nui ake ai te ārai i te waikura
Hui Whakamātautau
Te hanga-mua o ngā pou, ngā kurupae me ngā pūnaha tautoko
Manatoko inenga me ngā taputapu ine ngaio
Te Wetewete InKine Whai muri i te tirotiro mō te tuku haumaru
TE WHAKAMĀTAUTAU I TE HANGANGA RINO
| Momo Whakamātautau | Paerewa(ngā) | Kaupapa / Tuhipoka |
| Whakamātautau Kaha Mīhini me te Hanganga | ASTM A370 / EN 10002 | Te whakatau i te kaha kume, te kaha tuku me te mahi amo kawenga o ngā kurupae maitai, ngā pou me ngā taura rino i raro i ngā kawenga hanganga ratonga. |
| Tirotiro Kounga Whakarewa | AWS D1.1 / ISO 5817 | Ka whakahaere i te urunga o te whakarewa, te haere tonu o ngā hononga me ngā hapa o roto i ngā hononga nui hei whakarite i te haumaru hanganga mō te wā roa. |
| Whakamātautau Ātete Waikura Rehu Tote | ASTM B117 / ISO 9227 | Aromātai ana i te pakari ā-anti-waikura o ngā wāhanga maitai kua pania me ngā wāhanga kua pania i raro i ngā āhuatanga takutai moana, makuku me ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi kino. |
| Te Manawanui Ahu me te Tirotiro Hanga | EN 1090 | Ka manatoko kei te tutuki ngā wāhanga maitai kua oti te hanga i mua i ngā whakaritenga ā-ahu o te hoahoa kia tika ai te huihuinga me te tāutanga ki te papaanga. |
| Whakamātautau Mahi Pūmau me te Whakamau Kaha-Teitei | ASTM F606 / EN 14399 | Ka whakamana i te mahi kume, te pumau o te utaina i mua, me te pono whānui o ngā huihuinga pūmau kaha-teitei hanganga. |
| Whakamātautau Piripiri me te Ātete Pānga o te Paninga | ASTM D3359 / ASTM D2794 | Ka aromatawai i te kaha o te piri o te paninga me te ātete ki ngā pānga miihini ki ngā kino i te wā e kawe ana, e whakahaere ana, e tāuta ana hoki. |
TE MAIMOATANGA O TE PAPA
TE TĀKAI ME TE TUKU
Tākai
1. Ngā pou maitai, ngā kurupae me ngā wāhanga matua: he mea takai ki te kiriata kirihou ā-wai, he mea whakapiri ki te whitiki maitai, he mea whakakī ki te whāriki rapa hei karo i te waku me te whakarerekētanga.
2. Ngā wāhanga iti, ngā pūtu me ngā taputapu: kua tākaihia ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau hiri, i ngā kātene rānei me te maimoatanga ātete-makuku me te ātete-waikura.
3. Ngā miro me ngā mata mīhini: he mea tiaki ki te uhi kirihou me te hinu ārai-waikura.
4. Kua tohua ia wahi ki te nama kaupapa, te nama wāhanga, te rahi me te taumaha kia mārama.
Tukunga
1. Utaina ngā hanganga rino ki runga i te taraka papatahi, i te ipu/putunga waka pakaru rānei.
2. Whakamaua ngā taonga katoa ki te taura waea me te whitiki whakapiko, kia kore ai e paheke, e piko rānei i te wā e kawe ana.
3. Tohatoha taumaha ōrite, kaua e iri te mea kei tua atu i te rohe ture.
4. Whakaratohia te rārangi tākai, te tohu tuku me ngā tuhinga tuku e pā ana.
HE AHA I WHIRIA AI Ā MĀTOU HANGANGA RINO?
1. Te Kaha Tino Pai me te Tumanako mo te Ora RoaHe mea hanga ki te maitai kounga teitei, kāore e waikura (e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa AISC/ASTM), he ātete ā mātou papu ki te waikura, te waikura me te whakarerekētanga āhua, ā, he mea hanga mō ngā taiao āhuarangi katoa—neke atu i te 50 tau te roa o te mahi me te iti o te tiaki.
2. Te ōwehenga Kaha-ki-Taumaha Teitei akeHe mama ake i te raima, engari e toru ngā wā kaha ake; mā tēnei ka taea te whakawhānui ake i ngā whānuitanga (neke atu i te 40 m) me te ngāwari ake i roto i ngā hoahoa whare (whare putunga, wheketere, papa tākaro) me te kore e manukanuka ki te pumau.
3. Tāutanga Tere me te Whai Hua o te UtuMā ngā wāhanga kua oti te hanga (he mea hanga tika i roto i tā mātou wheketere) ka whakapotohia te wā hanga i te papaanga mā te 40-60%—ka penapena nui i ngā whakapaunga mahi me ngā ngaronga aukati mahi.
4. He pai mō te taiao me te hangaruaMā te whakamahi i te maitai hangarua 100% ka whakaitihia te pānga ki te taiao, ā, mā te whakaputa maitai e penapena ana i te pūngao ka iti ake te tapuwae waro ina whakaritea ki ngā hua hanga whare tuku iho.
5. Ka taea te whakarerekē me te maha-kaupapaKa taea te whakarite kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o tō kaupapa, ngā whakaritenga kawenga, me ngā whakatakotoranga hoahoa - mai i ngā mahi tauine-ahumahi ki ngā tāpiritanga kāinga, ka taea e mātou te whakarato otinga e taea ai te urutau ki ō hiahia.
6. Te Tākai me te Tukunga PonoE ai ki tā mātou i kōrero ai i runga ake nei, ka haria haumarutia ō wāhanga i roto i ngā takai tino pakari (ātete wai, ātete waikura, ātete pānga) ā, ka tukuna haumarutia kia tae atu ai ki a koe i roto i te wahi kotahi, i te wā tika, ā, kia rite hoki mō te huihui.
Kua rite koe ki te tīmata i tō kaupapa?
Ngā Pātai Auau
1. Kia pēhea te roa o te ora o tō hanganga maitai?
Ko te tikanga he 50 tau neke atu te roa, me te peita ārai-waikura me te maimoatanga whakawairakau wera, he iti noa te tiaki e hiahiatia ana.
2. Ka taea e koe te whakarite i ngā hanganga maitai?
Āe. Ka whakaritea e mātou te rahi, te whānuitanga, te teitei, te kaha kawenga, me te tuhi hoahoa kia rite ki ngā hiahia o te kiritaki.
3. He aha ngā momo whare e tukuna ana e koutou?
Awheawhe, whare putunga, wheketere, whare tari, whare heihei, karāti, papa tākaro, whare whakaaturanga me ētahi atu
4. Me pēhea tō tākai me tō tuku?
Kiriata ā-wai + anga maitai kua whakaukia; ngā wāhanga iti kua tākaihia ki roto i ngā pouaka rakau. Tautoko i te tuku ipu me te tuku papatipu, tuku haumaru.
5. Kia pēhea te roa o te wā whakaputa me te wā tuku?
E 15–30 ngā rā mahi e mahia ana, ka whakaritea te tuku i muri i te tāpui.
Wāhitau
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Ī-mēra
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