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Ngā Piriti Whakairo Rino Taumaha e whakamahia ana i roto i te Hanganga Huarahi me te Rerewē
TONO
Ngā Piriti Huarahi me te RerewēHe whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā piriti rino i roto i ngā pūnaha huarahi me ngā pūnaha rerewē hei tautoko i ngā kawenga waka taumaha me ngā whiti roa. He kaha hanganga teitei, he roa te mau, ā, he pumau te mahi i raro i ngā kawenga hihiri tonu pērā i ngā waka me ngā tereina.
Ngā Ara Rererangi o te Tāone me ngā Whakawhitinga HīkoiI roto i ngā hanganga tāone, he mea whakamahi noa ngā piriti rino i ngā ara whakawhiti, ngā ara whakawhiti, me ngā ara hīkoi. Nā te hanganga māmā me te tere o te tāutanga ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te whakararuraru o ngā waka, me te whakarite hoki i te nekenekehanga haumaru me te whai hua o te tāone.
Ngā Piriti Uru Ahumahi me te KeriHe mea nui ngā piriti urunga maitai i ngā rohe ahumahi, ngā wāhi keri maina, me ngā kaupapa pūngao. Kua hangaia ēnei kia tū atu ki ngā taiao uaua, ki te nekehanga o ngā taputapu taumaha, me ngā āhuatanga utaina auau, kia mau ai te hononga pono mō ngā mahi.
Piriti Wāpoto mō ngā Hoia me ngā Āhuatanga ohorereKua hangaia ēnei piriti mō te tere o te whakatinanatanga i roto i te uruparenga ohorere, te awhina i ngā āhuatanga kino, me ngā mahi hōia. Mā ngā hanganga rino, ka taea te huihui tere, te nekenekehanga teitei, me te kaha ki te kawe kawenga i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino.
NGĀ TAIPITOPITO O TE HUA
Ngā hua hanganga rino matua mō te hanganga piriti
1. Momo piriti hanganga maitai matua
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Te Urutaunga o Amerika Waenganui |
| Te Piriti o Truss | 15–120 m te whānui | He hanganga roa e mau ana i te kawenga mō ngā waka, ngā kaihaerere, me te rerewē māmā | Ngā hononga pūmau ā-rū; he hanganga ā-whakamua mō ngā momo āhuarangi; ātete ki te waikura mō ngā āhuarangi pārūrū |
| Piriti o te Āwhata | 20–150 m te whānui | He pai te whakawhiti kawenga mō ngā waka taumaha me ngā taiao tāone/taiao | Rino whakarewa wera-tō (Zn ≥ 85 μm); whāriki whakarerekētanga mō ngā mahi rū whenua; ngā wāhanga whakarara mō ngā wāhi tūmatanui |
| Piriti Pouaka Whakairo | 10–100 m te whānui | Te pakari o te takahuri me te ātete piko mō ngā huarahi tere me ngā rori teitei | Wāhanga pouaka kua arotauhia mō te rū whenua; hononga pūmau/whakarewa; hanganga ā-whakarite mō te kawe waka ki uta |
| Piriti Hīkoi/Pahikara | 5–50 m te whānui | He hanganga maitai māmā mō te whakamahi haumaru mō te hunga hikoi/kaieke paihikara | Ngā papa papa ārai-paheke; ātete-waikura; hoahoa whakakotahi tere mō ngā āhuarangi pārūrū |
2. Ngā hua pūnaha ārai (ātete ki te huarere + ārai-waikura)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Te Urutaunga o Amerika Waenganui |
| Ngā Pane Papa Tuanui | C12×25–C18×35, he mea whakarewa wera (Zn ≥ 85 μm) | Tautoko ana i ngā papa piriti me ngā panera tuanui; i hangaia mō ngā hau nui | He paninga ātete-waikura; he āhua rerekē, he māmā mō te kawe ngāwari me te tāutanga tere |
| Ngā Paewhiri Pakitara Taha | Z10×22–Z16×28, ātete ki te rehu tote >1000 hāora | He pātaka ātete huarere mō ngā ara hīkoi me ngā ara tiaki | He hauhautanga hei whakaiti i te hauhautanga; ātete ki te waikura mō ngā āhuarangi wera, makuku |
| Pūnaha Tautoko me te Ārai | Ngā pae porowhita piauau Φ14–Φ18 me te maitai koki L60×6 | Ka whakarato i te pumau taha; ka tu atu ki ngā hau āwhiowhio me ngā kaha rū whenua | Ngā hononga pūmau/whakapiri mō ngā rohe rū whenua; te tiaki i te waikura mō ngā āhuatanga pārūrū |
3. Te tautoko i ngā hua āwhina (te urutaunga hanga ā-rohe)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Te Urutaunga o Amerika Waenganui |
| Ngā Hononga Whānui | He maitai, he rapa rānei, he whānui 50–200 mm | Ka āhei te whakawhānui me te whakawhāiti i ngā whāwhā o te piriti | Ātete ki te rū whenua, ātete ki te waikura mō ngā āhuarangi pārūrū me te haumākū |
| Ngā Ārai me ngā Ārai Haumaru | Ngā awaawa, ngā ngongo rino rānei, te teitei 900–1200 mm | Ka tiaki i ngā waka me ngā kaihaerere; ka whakarei ake i te haumaru o ngā piriti | Ārai i te waikura me te UV; he pai mō te nui o te ua me ngā takutai moana |
| Ngā Arawhata me ngā Papa Uru Piriti | Ngā arawhata kōwiri Φ32–Φ50, ngā papa L50×5 | Ka whakarato i te urunga haumaru ki te tirotiro me te tiaki | Māmā, āhua-pūmau, ātete ki te waikura mō ngā huarere pārūrū |
| Ngā Pūnaha Waikeri me te Whakahaere Wai | Ngā pae rino Φ12, ngā taunga wai C-wāhanga 100×50–150×75 | Ka ārahi i te wai ua, ka ārai hoki i te waipuke o te papa | He mea whakarewa, he mea peita rānei mō te haumākū nui me ngā awha |
| Ngā Tautoko Rama me ngā Whaipainga | Ngā pou rino, ngā whāriki, ngā paepae taura | Tautoko ana i ngā raina rama, tohu, me ngā raina ratonga | Kua pania ki mua mō te ātete ki te waikura; he ngāwari te whakamau me te whakakapinga ā-pūrua |
TE TUKA I TE HANGANGA RINO
Te tapahi
He mea tapahi te mura me te parāoa mō ngā pereti maitai matotoru.
Mīhini kutikuti tika mō te pereti angiangi.
He tika te rahi, he ma te tapa kua tapahia.
Te hanga
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E whakamahia ana mō ngā pūwero, ngā arai wai, me ngā whakapaipai.
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Hei hanga i ngā mema porowhita me ngā tautoko porowhita.
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Ka whakarite kia ōrite ngā rahi me ngā āhua i te wā e hanga ana.
Whakarewa
Ka whakamahia te whakarewa pewa ruku mō ngā kurupae-H me ngā pou nui.
Ngā pereti hononga whakarewa ā-ringa me ngā hononga hanganga
Te whakarewanga hau CO₂ mō ngā pereti angiangi
Te Tukatuka Kōhao
Te keri CNC hei whakarite kia tika te tūnga o te kōhao pūtu
Ngā mīhini perehi patupatu mō te whakaputa rahinga iti
Mā te tūnga tika ka ngāwari te tāuta ki te papaanga
Te Maimoatanga Mata
Te pupuhi pupuhi/te pupuhi onepu hei whakakore i te waikura
Te huri i ngā whakarewa, te whakakanapa/te whakaotinga o te mata
Te whakapūmau i ngā pūtu me ngā wāhanga tautoko hei whakapai ake i te ātete ki te waikura
Hui Whakamātautau
Te hanga-mua i ngā pou, ngā kurupae me ngā pūnaha tautoko
Te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga me te taputapu ine ngaio
Te Wetewete i te InKine i muri i te Tirotiro mō te tuku haumaru
TE WHAKAMĀTAUTAU I TE HANGANGA RINO
| Momo Whakamātautau | Ngā Paerewa | Kaupapa / Whakaahuatanga |
| Whakamātautau Utaina Hanganga | ASTM A370, EN 10002 | E manatoko ana ka taea e ngā kurupae, ngā piupiu, me ngā pūnaha whariki te tu atu ki ngā kawenga mate, ngā kawenga ora, ngā kawenga waka, me ngā āhuatanga ratonga hihiri. |
| Tirotiro Kounga Whakarewa | AWS D1.1, ISO 5817 | Mā te whakarite kia tutuki ngā hononga whakarewa i ngā taumata kounga o te ao, inā koa mō ngā wāhanga hanganga nui pērā i ngā taura, ngā poupou me ngā hononga pou. |
| Whakamātautau Ātete Waikura | ASTM B117, ISO 9227 | Ka aromatawai i te mahi a te maitai i raro i ngā āhuatanga rehu tote, kia mau ai te pakari mō te wā roa i ngā taiao takutai moana, moana, me te makuku nui. |
| Whakamātautau Piripiri Paninga | ASTM D3359, ISO 2409 | Ka ine i te kaha o te piri o ngā paninga tiaki me ngā paparanga whakapūmau hei ārai i te tihore, te ngatata, te wehewehe rānei. |
| Ātete UV me te Ātete Huarere | ASTM G154, ISO 4892 | Ka whakatauira i te pānga roa ki te rā me ngā āhuatanga o te rangi hei aromatawai i te pumau o te tae o te paninga, te ātete ki te kirikiri, me te pakari o te mata. |
| Te Ātete ki te Makuku me te Wera | ASTM D2247 | Ka whakamātautau i te mahi paninga i raro i te pāmahana tiketike me te haumākū tiketike hei ārai i te pupuhi, te waikura, me te pakaru o te mata. |
| Ātete Pānga me te Whakahaere | ASTM D2794, ISO 6272 | Ka aromatawai i te ātete o te paninga me te mata i te wā e kawe ana, e hiki ana, e tāuta ana, me te whakahaere i te papaanga. |
| Tirotiro i ngā Ahu me te Tika | EN 1090, ISO 8501 | Mā te whakarite kia tutuki ngā wāhanga maitai kua oti te hanga i mua i ngā whakaritenga rahinga tika mō te tāutanga tika me te hanganga tika. |
| Te Whakamātautau i te Ngenge me te Wiri | ASTM E466, ISO 12107 | Aromatawai i te mahi hanganga mō te wā roa i raro i ngā kawenga auau, tae atu ki ngā pānga o te haere o ngā waka, te hau, me te wiri. |
| Whakamātautau Hononga Punga me te Pūtu | ASTM F606, EN 14399 | Ka manatoko i te kaha me te pono o ngā pūtu, ngā punga, me ngā hononga rū whenua e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha maitai hanganga. |
TE MAIMOATANGA O TE PAPA
TE TĀKAI ME TE TUKU
Ngā poupou me ngā whitiki:He paihere maitai me ngā tautoko rakau. Ka āraihia e ngā parenga kokonga me te takai ārai-waikura te kino i te wā e kawe ana.
Papa me ngā Paewhiri Tuanui/Papa Pakitara:He paparanga kua whakakikoruatia ki ngā āputa; he takai ki te kiriata ātete-wai me te ātete-UV mō ngā āhuarangi pārūrū me te tuku tawhiti.
Ngā Pou me ngā Kurupae:Kua oti te whakatakoto ki roto i te pouaka, kua tāpirihia rānei ki te takai ngongo-ru, kore-waikura, ā, kua tāpirihia he tapanga kia tika ai te whakahaere i te wāhi.
Ngā Wāhanga Āpiti:Ko ngā tautoko, ngā pūtu, me ngā punga kua tākaihia ki roto i ngā pouaka, i ngā ipu rānei me te ārai wai, kua tohua hoki kia tere ai te huihui.
Te Waka me te Whakahaere:Ka tukuna mā te moana, te taraka, te ipu rānei; kua whakaritea ngā rahi o ngā wāhanga, ā, kua paiherea kia tere ai te tuku me te tāutanga, tae atu ki ngā wāhi tūmatanui.
HE AHA I WHIRIA AI Ā MĀTOU HANGANGA RINO?
Kua hangaia tā mātou piriti pereti rino mō ngā kawenga taumaha mō ngā kaupapa hanganga nui e hiahia ana ki te kaha nui, te roa, me te tere o te whakatinanatanga.
Huihuinga TereMā ngā kōwae kua oti te huihui ka taea te huihui i roto i ngā rā torutoru me te iti o ngā taputapu
Ka taea te whakamahi anō me te nekenekeI hangaia mō te wetewete, hei whakamahi i ngā wāhi maha
Hoahoa Pakari, Kua Whakamātauhia hokiPūnaha whakarara matarohia me te hītori hōia me te hanganga kua whakamātauhia
Kāore e hiahiatia he turanga taumahaKa taea te whakamahi me ngā abutments māmā, ngā tautoko tauranga rānei
Kua rite ki te tukuKei te wātea ngā whānui me ngā whāwhā paerewa mai i te taonga hei tuku tere.
Kua rite koe ki te tīmata i tō kaupapa?
Ngā Pātai Auau
Q1: He aha ngā momo piriti e whakaratohia ana e koe?
A:He piriti poupou, he āwhata, he piriti pouaka, me ngā piriti hīkoi/paihikara, he mea hanga motuhake.
Q2: He aha ngā paerewa e tutuki ana i ō wāhanga?
A:ASTM, EN, ISO, me AASHTO; kei te wātea te maitai whakawerawera, te maitai whakawete rānei.
P3: He pai ngā piriti mō ngā rohe pārūrū me ngā rohe rū whenua?
A:Āe, i hangaia mō te hau nui, te rū whenua, me ngā āhuarangi pārūrū.
Q4: Me pēhea te tākai me te tuku i ngā wāhanga?
A:He paihere, he pouaka, he ārai hoki i te waikura; he tapanga mō te ngāwari o te huihui ki te papaanga.
Q5: Te roanga o te wā arahi?
A:8–20 wiki i runga i te hoahoa me te uauatanga; ka whakaitihia te wā tāutanga mā te hanga-mua i ngā mea hanga-ā-rua.
Tuhia tō karere ki konei ka tuku mai ki a mātou
