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Ngā Hua Hanganga Rino i Hangaia mō ngā Kaupapa Hokohoko Hanganga Rino
TONO
Ngā whare arumoni me ngā whare tūmatanuiHe hua hou, he maha hoki ngā whakamahinga o ngā anga maitai kua oti te hanga, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hanganga whare arumoni, pērā i ngā poraka tari, ngā hūpāmakete hanganga maitai me ngā whare hākinakina.
Ngā wheketere ahumahi me te hanga peretiKa tautokona ngā mahi kawe kawenga ahumahi pēnei i te kurupae-H, te kurupae-I, te pereti maitai me ētahi atu kurupae maitai taumaha. Ā, koinei te whiringa tika mō ngā papa taputapu, ngā raina whakaputa me ngā papa wheketere.
Ngā Whare Putunga me ngā Pokapū Whakahaere Taonga:He tere, he iti hoki te utu o te hanganga o ngā whare putunga me ngā pokapū tohatoha mā ngā whare rino kua oti te hanga. Mā ngā wāhanga kua oti te hanga ka tere te whakatū, ā, ka roa hoki te mau.
Ngā Piriti me ngā Kaupapa HangangaI roto i ngā rauemi katoa e whakamahia ana mō te hanganga, ko te whakamahinga o te maitai te mea tino nui mō ngā piriti hanganga maitai, ngā rori, me ngā hanganga pūngao, nā te mea ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga hangarau uaua mō te kaha, te tika, me te ngāwari.
NGĀ TAIPITOPITO O TE HUA
Ngā hua hanganga rino matua mō te hanganga piriti
1. Hanganga maitai matua Momo hūpāmakete
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Taupānga Matua | Ngā Painga Hanganga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pūnaha Anga Tomokanga | Whānuitanga: 12–60 m Teitei o te Matau: 6–15 m | I hangaia hei waihanga i ngā roto whānui, kore-pou mō ngā whare putunga, ngā wheketere, me ngā wāhi whakahaere ratonga. | He hoahoa hanganga māmā me te kaha teitei; he tere te huihuinga i te papaanga; he otinga ōhanga mō ngā whare ahumahi |
| Pūnaha Anga Rino | Teitei: 1–20+ papa Whānuitanga: 6–30 m | Anga hanganga maha-taumata i hangaia ki ngā kurupae me ngā pou, he mea tino pai mō ngā whare arumoni me ngā whare tari | He tino pumau te hanganga; he ngāwari te whakarerekē i ngā whakatakotoranga papa; he hototahi ki ngā pūnaha pereti hiato |
| Hanganga Rino | Whānuitanga: 15–120 m | Ngā pūnaha tuanui me te uhi whānui e tohatoha ana i ngā kawenga mā roto i ngā wāhanga tapatoru; e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō ngā papa tākaro me ngā whare whakaaturanga | He pai te whakawhiti kawenga; he pai te whakamahi maitai; he pai mō ngā kaupapa hoahoa whānui |
| Hanganga Anga Wāhi | Whānuitanga: 20–100 m | He pūnaha whatunga toru-ahu e whakarato ana i te hanganga pai ake me te mahi mama | Te ōwehenga pakari-ki-taumaha teitei; te huihuinga modular; ngā āheinga hoahoa hoahoanga ngāwari |
| Hanganga Rino Taumaha | Momo Pou: Wāhanga-H / Wāhanga Pouaka Whānuitanga: 20–80 m | I hangaia mō ngā whare ahumahi taumaha e tautoko ana i ngā kerēne, ngā taputapu taumaha, me ngā kawenga mīhini. | He matotoru ngā kōtaha maitai; he kaha ake te kawe kawenga; he pai mō ngā tipu ahumahi nui |
2. Ngā hua pūnaha ārai (ātete ki te huarere + ārai-waikura)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Taupānga Matua | Ngā Painga Hanganga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ngā Paewhiri Tuanui | Matotoru: 0.4–1.2 mm Rauemi: Rino Pirau / Konumohe-Konutea / PPGI | Whakamahia hei uhi tuanui o waho hei tiaki i te huarere me te tohatoha kawenga hanganga mō ngā whare rino | He ātete pai ki te hau; he paninga mata e ārai ana i te waikura; he māmā mō te tāutanga whai hua |
| Ngā Paewhiri Whakakikorua Pakitara | Matotoru: 0.4–1.0 mm Momo: Paepae Hanawiti Rau Kotahi / Paepae Hanawiti Whakamarumaru | Hei pūnaha ārai o waho mō ngā hanganga maitai ahumahi me te arumoni | He kōwhiringa te whakamarumaru wera; he otinga ātete-wai me te ātete-ahi; he hoahoa ā-pūrere mō te huihuinga tere |
| Ngā Purlin C me Z | C100–C300 / Z120–Z300 Matotoru: 1.5–3.0 mm | Ngā wāhanga hanganga tuarua e tautoko ana i ngā panera tuanui me ngā pakitara i te wā e whakawhiti ana i ngā kawenga ki te anga rino matua | Rino hanga-makariri kaha-teitei; werohanga tika mō ngā hononga pūtu; whakaotinga konukōre mō te roa o te mau |
| Pūnaha Tautoko | Pae Porowhita: Φ12–Φ20 Koki maitai: L50×5 – L100×8 | Ka whakarato i te pumau taha, ā, ka whakapakari i te pakari o te hanganga ki te hau me ngā kawenga rū whenua | Ngā tikanga hononga ngāwari (whakapūmau, whakarewa rānei); tohatoha kaha whai hua; maimoatanga ātete-waikura |
| Ngā Here me ngā Whitiki | Wāhanga-H / maitai o te awa Ngā kōtaha ritenga e wātea ana | Ka hono i ngā huānga hanganga matua, ā, ka whakarei ake i te pumau o te whare whānui | Ka whakapai ake i te mahi whakawhiti kawenga; ka whakapakari i te pumau o te hanganga; ka urutau ki ngā momo hoahoa whare |
3. Te tautoko i ngā hua āwhina (te urutaunga hanga ā-rohe)
| Momo Hua | Awhe Whakatakotoranga | Mahi Matua | Ngā Painga Hanganga |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ngā Pūnaha Hononga Whānui | Ngā hononga maitai modular, ngā hononga elastomeric rānei Whānui: 50–200 mm | I hangaia hei mimiti i te whānui wera me te nekehanga hanganga i roto i ngā whare maitai me ngā hanganga roa | He rauemi pakari, he ngāwari te nekeneke; he kōwhiringa ngā whakaotinga ātete-waikura; he pai mō ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi rerekē |
| Ngā Ārai me ngā Ārai Haumaru | Ngā wāhanga hongere rino, ngā wāhanga ngongo rānei Teitei: 900–1200 mm | He ārai mō te hinganga me te haumaru mō ngā papaaho, ngā ara hikoi, me ngā anga maitai teitei | He mata whakarewa wera-toia, he mata pania rānei; he ātete pānga teitei; he wāhanga mahorahora, he ngāwari hoki te tāuta |
| Ngā Arawhata Uru me ngā Papa Tiaki | Ngā arawhata kōwiri (Φ32–Φ50) Ngā papa (te maitai koki L50×5) | Ka whakarite kia haumaru te urunga atu mō te tirotiro me te tiaki i ngā whare maitai ahumahi | Hoahoa mata ārai-paheke; hanganga māmā kua oti te hanga; tāutanga whai hua ki te papaanga |
| Ngā Pūnaha Waikeri me te Whakahaere Wai | Paepae maitai (Φ12 pae) Ngā awaawa waikeri (Wāhanga-C 100×50–150×75) | Ka whakahaere i te rere o te wai ua, ka ārai hoki i te kohikohinga o te wai i runga i ngā tuanui me ngā mata hanganga | He mea whakakoi, he mea pani rānei kia ātete ki te waikura; he pakari i raro i te ua nui; he pai te whakauru ki ngā pūnaha tuanui |
| Ngā Hanganga Tautoko Rama me ngā Ratonga | Ngā pou rino, ngā whāriki whakairi, ngā paepae taura | Tautoko ana i ngā rama, ngā raina hiko, me ngā pūnaha whaipainga i roto i ngā whare maitai | He mata ārai-waikura kua tukatukahia i mua; he hoahoa whakakapinga ā-pūrua; e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa tāutanga ahumahi |
TE TUKA I TE HANGANGA RINO
Te tapahi
Te Tapahi Plasma me te Mura mō te Pereti Rino Matotoru.
Mīhini Kutikuti Tika mō ngā Pereti Angiangi.
Ka whakamanahia te rahi tika me te tapa tapahi ma.
Te hanga
Te hanga makariri, te hanga pēhi pēhi rānei i ngā purlin, ngā awaawa me ngā whakapaipai
Ngā mīhini hanga rōra mō ngā mema porowhita me ngā pou porowhita
Ka whakarite i te horapa hanganga me te pumau o ngā āhuatanga
Whakarewa
Ka whakamahia te whakarewa pewa ruku mō ngā kurupae-H me ngā pou taumaha.
Te whakarewa āwhata o ngā pereti me ngā hononga hanganga mā te ringaringa
Te whakarewanga i te hau CO₂ i runga i ngā wāhanga angiangi
Tirotiro Whakarewa ki te Whakapono Katoa ki te Pūmautanga o te Hanganga
Te Tukatuka Kōhao
Te keri CNC mō te whakataurite tika i ngā kōhao pūtu
Ngā mīhini perehi poka mō ngā wāhanga puranga iti
Mā te tūnga tino tika ka māmā te tāutanga ki te papaanga
Te Maimoatanga Mata
Te pupuhi pupuhi, te pupuhi onepu rānei hei tango i te waikura
Te huri i ngā whakarewa me te whakakanapa i ngā mata/ngā whakaotinga
Te whakawerawera i ngā pūtu me ngā wāhanga tautoko kia nui ake ai te tiaki i te waikura
Hui Whakamātautau
Te hanga-mua o ngā pou, ngā kurupae me ngā pūnaha tautoko
Manatoko inenga me ngā taputapu ine ngaio
Te Wetewete InKine Whai muri i te tirotiro mō te tuku haumaru
TE WHAKAMĀTAUTAU I TE HANGANGA RINO
| Momo Whakamātautau | Paerewa(ngā) | Kaupapa / Tuhipoka |
|---|---|---|
| Whakamātautau Kaha Mīhini me te Hanganga | ASTM A370 / EN 10002 | Ka manatoko i te kaha kume, te kaha tuku, me te kaha ki te kawe kawenga o ngā kurupae, ngā pou, me ngā taura i raro i ngā kawenga hanganga. |
| Tirotiro Kounga Whakarewa | AWS D1.1 / ISO 5817 | Ka whakarite i te urunga o te whakarewa, te haere tonu, me te whakahaere i ngā hapa i ngā hononga hanganga nui mō te haumaru mō te wā roa. |
| Ātete ki te Waikura (Whakamātautau Rehu Tote) | ASTM B117 / ISO 9227 | Ka aromatawai i te pakari o ngā wāhanga kua pania me ngā wāhanga kua whakakikoruatia i raro i ngā taiao kaha me ngā taiao moana. |
| Te Manawanui Ahu me te Tirotiro Hanga | EN 1090 | E whakaū ana i te tutuki o ngā wāhanga maitai kua oti te hanga i mua i ngā whakaritenga hoahoa mō te huihuinga tika i te papaanga. |
| Whakamātautau Pūmau me te Whakamau Kaha-Teitei | ASTM F606 / EN 14399 | Ka whakamana i te kaha kume, te kaha utaina i mua, me te pono o ngā pūnaha whakapiri hanganga. |
| Whakamātautau Piripiri me te Ātete Pānga o te Paninga | ASTM D3359 / ASTM D2794 | Ka aromatawai i te kaha o te piri o te paninga me te ātete ki ngā kino ā-mīhini i te wā e kawe ana, e tāuta ana hoki. |
TE MAIMOATANGA O TE PAPA
TE TĀKAI ME TE TUKU
Ngā taura me ngā whitiki
Kua tāpirihia he whitiki rino me ngā pukapuka rakau. Kua takaihia ki te paparanga ātete makuku me te ātete waikura hei karo i te pakaru i te wā e kawe ana.
Ngā Paewhiri Tuanui me te Pakitara
He paparanga kua whakakikoruatia ki ngā āputa hei tiaki i ngā mata kua pania. He mea takai te ringaringa ki te kiriata ārai-wai me te ārai-UV mō te tuku tawhiti.
Ngā Pou me ngā Kurupae
He mea takai ki te whakakī tiaki, ā, he ātete ki te waikura. He mārama te tohu o ngā pūwāhi hiki mō te whakahaere me te tāutanga haumaru.
Te Whakapūmau, Ngā Pūtu me Ngā Punga
He pouaka rakau hiri, he pūwero rino rānei me te ārai makuku. He mārama te tautuhi kia māmā ai te huihui i te wāhi.
Te kawe waka
Te kawe waka mā te: rangi, moana, whenua (ipu utanga moana, taraka, tereina, rori). Mā te utaina ā-waenga ka piki ake te haumarutanga me te whai huatanga.
HE AHA I WHIRIA AI Ā MĀTOU HANGANGA RINO?
Hangarau Ritenga
Ka whakaratohia e mātou ngā hoahoa piriti kua whakaritea kia rite ki ngā pūnaha poupou, āwhata, me ngā pūnaha kurupae pouaka, kua arotauhia kia rite ki ngā whakaritenga whānui, te kaha kawenga, me ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te papa.
Ngā Rauemi Whaimana
E tutuki ana ngā wāhanga maitai hanganga katoa i ngā paerewa o te ao pēnei i te ASTM, EN, me te AASHTO. Kei roto i ngā kōwhiringa ko te maitai whakawerawera, te maitai whakawetewete rānei hei whakarite i te ātete roa ki te waikura.
Te Hanga Tika
He mea hanga ngā waeine modular kua oti te hanga i mua i te wheketere i raro i te mana whakahaere kounga tino pakari, kia tika ai ngā ine, kia tere ake te tāutanga, me te whakaiti i ngā whakarerekētanga i te papaanga.
Te Pakari me te Ātete ki te Āhuarangi
Kua hangaia ā mātou piriti kia pono te mahi i roto i ngā āhuarangi pārūrū, ngā rohe hau nui, ngā rohe rū whenua, me ngā kawenga waka taimaha, kia roa ai te ora o ā mātou piriti.
Kua rite koe ki te tīmata i tō kaupapa?
Ngā Pātai Auau
Q1: He aha ngā momo piriti e tukuna ana e koe?
A: Ka hoahoa, ka hanga hoki mātou i ngā piriti whakarara, āwhata, piriti pouaka, me ngā piriti hīkoi, pahikara rānei. He mea whakarite katoa ngā hanganga kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga whānui me te kawenga.
P2: Ko ēhea ngā paerewa o te ao e tutukihia ana e ō koutou piriti?
A: Ka hangaia ā mātou wāhanga i runga anō i ngā paerewa ASTM, EN, ISO, me AASHTO. Ko ngā kōwhiringa tiaki mata ko te whakapūmau wera me te maitai ātete huarere hei whakapakari i te roa.
Q3: Ka taea e ō piriti te mahi i roto i ngā taiao pārūrū, ā-ru whenua rānei?
Āe. Kua hangaia ā mātou pūnaha piriti kia tū atu ki ngā hau nui, ki ngā mahi rū whenua, ki ngā kawenga waka taumaha, me ngā āhuarangi pārūrū makuku.
Q4: Me pēhea te tākai i ngā wāhanga piriti mō te tuku?
A: Kua pai te paihere o ngā wāhanga katoa, kua takaihia rānei ki roto i ngā pouaka ārai-waikura me ngā tohu tautuhi mārama hei whakarite i te haumaru o te kawe me te tāutanga pai ki te papaanga.
Q5: He aha te roanga o te wā whakaputa?
A: Ko te roa o te tukunga paerewa mai i te 8 ki te 20 wiki, i runga i te rahi o te kaupapa me te uaua o te hoahoa. Mā te hanganga modular kua oti te hanga ka whakapoto i te wā tāutanga ki te papaanga.
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