Ngā Pūrongo - He aha ngā kurupae H ASTM te Kōwhiringa Pai mō ngā Hanganga Rino Hou

I te piki haere o te rahi me te uaua o ngā kaupapa hanga puta noa i te ao, ka piki haere hoki te hiahia mō ngā rauemi hanganga pono. I ngā wā tata nei,Kurupae H ASTMKei te rongonui haere te maitai rino mō ngā hanganga maitai o ēnei rā nā te mea he pai ake ōna āhuatanga miihini, he ngāwari te hanga, me te whakamahinga i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā mara.

Mahi Whakapūmau Kawenga Pai Rawa

Ko te H-Rama kounga teitei e mōhiotia whānuitia ana mō tōna kaha ki te kawe i ngā here, koinei tētahi o ngā painga nui o te ASTM H-Rama. Ko tengā kurupae H whānui akeme te wāhanga whakawhiti ōrite ake o ngā kurupae H ina whakaritea ki te tikanga tuku ihoNgā kurupae Imā tēnei ka taea e rātou te pikau i ngā kawenga piko me ngā kawenga tuaka nui ake. Nā tēnei ka pai mō ngā whare teitei, ngā whare ahumahi, ngā piriti, ngā hanganga whānui te whānui, he mea nui te pumau o te hanganga.

Mā ngā paerewa ASTM ka taurangihia he hanganga matū me ngā āhuatanga miihini ōrite, e āhei ai ngā kaihangarau ki te tumanako i te mahi pai i roto i ngā taiao uaua.

Te Pūmautanga Hanganga me te Ngāwari o te Hoahoa

O te rā neingā rauemi hanga maitaime āhei ki te whakamahi i ngā āhua uaua me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru. Ka whakaratohia e ngā kurupae ASTM H te kaha hurihuri teitei me te pumau o ngā inenga, ka iti ake te tūponotanga o te whakarerekētanga i te wā e hangaia ana, e whakamahia ana hoki.

Mā te ōritetanga o te āhuahanga ka māmā ake ngā tatau hanganga, ā, ka nui ake te ngāwari o te hoahoanga, inā koa mō ngā kaupapa e nui ana ngā wāhi tuwhera, ngā whānuitanga roa, ngā mea rānei e hangaia ana i roto i ngā kōwae.

Te Whai Hua o te Hanga me ngā Painga Utu

He tere ake, he māmā ake hoki te hanga me te ASTM H Beam, ā, ka penapenahia te utu katoa mō te kaupapa. Nā te rahi ōrite me te hototahi ki ngā hononga pūtu me te hononga whakarewa ka whakaitihia te wā hanga me te wā huihuinga i te mara.

Waihoki, mā te tohatoha whai hua o ngā rauemi ki ngā kurupae H ka taea e ngā kaihangarau te whakatutuki i ngā kaha e tika ana mā te whakamahi i te maitai iti iho, ka hua ake he whakamahinga whai hua ake o ngā rauemi me te kore e whakararu i te haumaru—he mea tino nui tēnei i tēnei wā e piki haere ana te mana o ngā utu hangahanga puta noa i te ao.

Whānuitanga o ngā tono

E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā kurupae ASTM H i roto i:

1.Ngā whare hanganga rino me ngā whare putunga

2. Ngā whare ahumahi me ngā tipu hiko

3. Ngā kaupapa hanganga pēnei i ngā piriti me ngā pokapū kawe waka

4. Ngā whanaketanga whare teitei arumoni me ngā whare noho

Nā tō rātou ngāwari ki te urutau, ko rātou te pou tokomanawa o te kaupapa hanga i roto i ngā mākete kua pakeke, me ngā mākete e tipu haere ana.

Te Whakahāngai ki ngā Auahatanga Hanga Tauwhiro

He mea nui te whakamahinga tauwhiro i roto i te tukanga whiriwhiri rauemi. Ka taea te hangarua i te maitai paerewa ASTM, ā, he iti ake te pānga ki te taiao. Nā te roa o te mau o te ASTM H Beam, he iti ake te tiaki me te whakakapi rauemi e hiahiatia ana i roto i te wā, e whakatairanga ana i ngā mahi hanga whare matomato.

Te Whakatipu Ake i te Whāngaitanga Ao

I te tipu haere o te haumitanga o te ao ki ngā hanganga me te whanaketanga o ngā tāone hou, inā koa i Āhia, te Waenganui Rawhiti me Amerika ki te Tonga, kei te piki haere tonu te hiahia mō te maitai hanganga kounga teitei. E ai ki ngā tohunga ahumahi, ko ngā kurupae ASTM H te mea tino pai mō ēnei tono nā te mea e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa o te ao, ā, he hītori pai hoki mō te mahi pai.