Te Piriti Hou/Wheketere/Whare Putunga/Hanganga Rino Hangarau Hanganga
Mama: Ki te whakaritea ki ngā hanganga raima, he nui ake te kaha o ngā hanganga rino ki te kawe kawenga mō ia taumaha, ka whakaiti i te taumaha o te whare, ka penapena hoki i ngā utu taketake. Hanganga tere: Ka taea te mahi i te hanganga i mua i te hanga me te whakarewa o te hanganga rino i roto i te wheketere, ka whakaiti i te wā hanga i te papaanga.
He tino matotoru te hanganga o roto o te maitai. Mēnā ka whakamahia ngā hononga whakarewa, ka whakamahia rānei ngā rivet, ngā pūtu rānei, ka māmā noa te piri me te kore e turuturu.
*Tukuna te īmēra ki[email protected]ki te tiki whakatau utu mō āu kaupapa
| Rārangi Rauemi | |
| Kaupapa | |
| Rahi | E ai ki te hiahia o te kiritaki |
| Anga Hanganga Rino Matua | |
| Pou | Q235B, Q355B Rino Wāhanga H i Whakarewahia |
| Kurupae | Q235B, Q355B Rino Wāhanga H i Whakarewahia |
| Anga Hanganga Rino Tuarua | |
| Purini | Rino Momo Q235B C me Z |
| Tūru Turi | Rino Momo Q235B C me Z |
| Ngongo Here | Paipa Rino Porowhita Q235B |
| Āwhata | Pae Porowhita Q235B |
| Tautoko Poutū me te Tautoko Whakapae | Q235B Koki maitai, pae porowhita, paipa maitai rānei |
TE TUKANGA HANGA HUA
PAINGA
Ko te maitai te mea e kitea ai tōna kaha nui, tōna māmā, tōna pakari whānui, me tōna ātete kaha ki te whakarerekētanga. Nō reira, he tino pai mō te hanganga o ngā whare whānui, teitei rawa, me ngā whare taumaha rawa; he pai te ōritetanga me te isotropy o te rauemi, arā, te ngāwari pai rawa atu. Ko te rauemi e tino tutuki ana i ngā whakaaro taketake o te miihini hangarau whānui; he pai te kirihou me te pakari o te rauemi, ka taea te whakarerekētanga nui, ā, ka taea te tu atu ki ngā kawenga hihiri; he poto te wā hanga; he nui te taumata ahumahi, ā, ka taea te motuhake ki te whakaputa me te taumata mīhini teitei.
Mō ngā hanganga maitai, me ako ngā maitai kaha-teitei kia nui ake ai te kaha o te pūtake. Hei tāpiri, ka hurihia ngā momo maitai hou, pērā i te maitai āhua-H (e mōhiotia ana ko te maitai whānui-flange) me te maitai āhua-T, me ngā pereti maitai kua whakairohia, kia urutau ki ngā hanganga whānui, me te hiahia mō ngā whare tino teitei.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira anō he pūnaha hanganga maitai māmā mō te piriti ātete-wera. Kāore te whare tonu e penapena pūngao. Ka whakamahia e tēnei hangarau ngā hononga motuhake mohio hei whakaoti rapanga o ngā piriti makariri me te wera i roto i te whare. Mā te hanganga iti o te anga ka taea e ngā taura me ngā paipa wai te haere mā roto i te pakitara mō te hanganga. He watea te whakapaipai.
Painga:
He maha ngā painga o te pūnaha wāhanga maitai, arā, he māmā, he ātete ki te hanga i hangaia i te wheketere, he tere te tāutanga, he poto te huringa hanga, he pai te mahi ā-ru, he tere te whakaora i ngā haumitanga, ā, he iti ake te parahanga taiao. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā hanganga raima whakapakari, he nui ake ngā painga ahurei o ngā āhuatanga whanaketanga e toru, i roto i te whānuitanga o te ao, inā koa i ngā whenua me ngā rohe whakawhanake, kua whakamahia whānuitia ngā wāhanga maitai i roto i te mara o te hangarau hanga.
Te kaha kawe:
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā mahi, ko te nui ake o te kaha, ko te nui ake o te whakarerekētanga o te wāhanga maitai. Heoi, ki te nui rawa te kaha, ka whati ngā wāhanga maitai, ka tino rerekē rānei te āhua kirihou, ka pā ki te mahi noa o te hanganga hangarau. Hei whakarite i te mahi noa o ngā rauemi hangarau me ngā hanganga i raro i te kawenga, me whai kaha kawenga ia wāhanga maitai, e mōhiotia ana ko te kaha kawe. Ko te kaha kawe ka inehia e te kaha, te pakari me te pumau o te wāhanga maitai.
Te kaha rawaka
Ko te kaha e pā ana ki te kaha o te wāhanga maitai ki te ātete i te kino (pakaru, te whakarerekētanga tuturu rānei). Arā, kāore he pakaru o te hua, he pakaru rānei e puta i raro i te kawenga, ā, ka whakamanahia te kaha ki te mahi haumaru me te pono. Ko te kaha he whakaritenga taketake me tutuki e ngā mema katoa e mau ana i te kawenga, nō reira koia hoki te kaupapa matua o te ako.
TE WHAKAPUTANGA
He aha ngā wāhanga matua o tētahi whare wheketere hanganga maitai? 1. Ngā wāhanga kua tāmauhia ki te turanga (ka taea te whakau i tehanganga maitai kua oti te hanga). 2. He mea hanga ngā pou ki te kurupae-H, ki te kurupae-I, ki te ngongo porowhita, ki te kurupae-C rānei (e rua ngā kurupae-C e honoa ana). 3. He mea hanga ngā kurupae ki te maitai āhua-C me te maitai āhua-H. 4. Ko ngā purlins he mea whakamahi i te maitai āhua-C me te maitai hongere. 5. He mea hanga ngā pakitara me ngā tuanui ki ngā panera kōtaha maitai tae, ko tētahi he taera maitai tae kotahi (taera maitai tae). Ko tētahi he panera hiato hanawiti maitai tae. Ka whakatakotoria te pahuka, te huruhuru toka, te huruhuru karāhe, te polyurethane, me ētahi atu ki waenganui i ngā paparanga taera e rua hei whakatutuki i ngā pānga ārai ahi, hiri, me te ārai haruru.
TE TIROHANGA O NGĀ HUA
He mea nui te paninga ārai-waikura me te ātete-ahi hei tiaki i ngāWhare hanganga maitaingā kaupapa, ā, he mea nui ki te ārai i te waikura o te hanganga maitai, ngā ahi me ētahi atu aituā. Ko te whakamātautau paninga ārai-waikura me te ātete-ahi e whai ake nei ko ngā āhuatanga e rua:
1. Tirotiro paninga ārai-waikura: Tirohia te matotoru, te ōritetanga, te piri me ētahi atu tohu o te paninga ārai-waikura hei aromatawai i te kounga me te pānga tiaki o te paninga ārai-waikura.
2. Tirotiro paninga ārai ahi: Tirohia te matotoru, te ōritetanga, te ātete ahi me ētahi atu tohu o te paninga ārai ahi hei aromatawai i te kounga me te pānga tiaki o te paninga ārai ahi.
I roto i te poto, he mea nui te tirotiro i ngā hanganga maitai hei whakarite i te haumaru me te pakari o ngā kaupapa hanganga maitai, ā, he mea tino nui hoki hei whakarite i te haumaru o te oranga me ngā taonga o te tangata.
KAUPAPA
Tō mātoukamupene hanganga maitaihe maha ngā wā ka kaweakehanganga maitaingā hua ki ngā whenua o Amerika me ngā whenua o Āhia ki te Tonga-mā-rāwhiti. I whai wāhi mātou ki tētahi o ngā kaupapa i ngā whenua o Amerika, he tata ki te 543,000 mita pūrua te rahi, ā, tata ki te 20,000 tāne te rahi o te maitai e whakamahia ana. Kia oti te kaupapa, ka noho hei whare hanganga maitai e whakauru ana i te hanga, te noho, te tari, te mātauranga me te tūruhi.
TONO
Hoahoa Hanganga Rinoko te tikanga he mea tito mai i ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei:
Kurupae: he wāhanga pikau kawenga whakapae, e whakamahia ana hei whakawhiti i ngā kawenga o te papa, o te tuanui rānei ki ngā pou.
Pou: He wāhanga pikau kawenga poutū e tautoko ana i ngā kawenga kurupae me te tuanui, ā, e tuku ana i ngā kawenga ki te turanga.
Anga: Ko te hanganga whānui he mea tito mai i ngā kurupae me ngā pou, koinei te wāhanga matua o te hanganga maitai e mau ana i te kawenga.
Tuanui me te taha pakitara: Ngā huānga e kapi ana i te anga, e hanga ana i te kiri o waho o te whare.
Ngā hononga: ngā wāhanga e whakamahia ana hei hono i ngā kurupae, ngā pou me ngā anga. Ko ngā tikanga hononga noa ko te whakarewa, ngā pūtu me ngā rivet.
Tūāpapa: Ko te tūāpapa e whakamahia ana hei tautoko i te hanganga maitai katoa, he tūāpapa raima te nuinga.
TE TĀKAI ME TE TUKU
Mō ngā taonga nunui, pērā i ngā wāhanga rino nunui me ngā waka rino, me wetewete anō hoki. I muri i te wetewete, me wetewete ngā taonga, ā, me tākai tika kia rite ki te rahi, te taumaha, te rauemi me ētahi atu āhuatanga o ngā taonga.
1. Ngā waka rino: Mena he waka rino, me tango ngā wira me ngā toki, me tango hoki ngā potae. I mua i te wetewete i ngā waka rino, me horoi, me ārai i te waikura, me pania ki te hinu hei ārai i te kino.
2. Ngā wāhanga rino nui: Me wetewete ngā wāhanga rino i runga i ētahi tikanga. Tuatahi, me tango ngā pūtu, ngā nati me ētahi atu wāhanga hono o ngā wāhanga rino, ā, me rongoa ki ngā kāwai. Kātahi ka momotuhia ngā wāhanga rino, ā, ka whakatakotoria ki runga i ngā papa, ki ngā papa whakakaha rānei.
3. Ngā rauemi tākai: Me tākai tonu ngā taonga kua wetewetehia, ā, me tutuki te whakapakari o ngā rauemi tākai i ngā ture tuku. Taupokina ngā wāhanga e kitea ana o te wāhanga, ka hiritia ki te kiriata, ki te papa hautai rānei. Mena he nui rawa ngā wāhanga kua tangohia, me tuhi taipitopito kia māmā ake ai te huihui.
KAHA O TE KAMUPENE
I hangaia ki Haina, ratonga tino pai, kounga teitei, rongonui o te ao
1. Pānga tauine: He nui te mekameka tuku me te wheketere maitai nui a tā mātou kamupene, e tutuki ana ngā pānga tauine i roto i te kawe waka me te hoko, ā, ka noho hei kamupene maitai e whakauru ana i te whakaputa me ngā ratonga.
2. Kanorau o te hua: Kanorau o te hua, ka taea te hoko mai i a mātou i ngā maitai katoa e hiahiatia ana e koe, ko te nuinga e mahi ana i roto i ngā hanganga maitai, ngā reera maitai, ngā puranga rau maitai, ngā whāriki photovoltaic, te maitai hongere, ngā koiri maitai silicon me ētahi atu hua, e ngāwari ake ai te whiriwhiri i te momo hua e hiahiatia ana hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia rerekē.
3. Tukunga pumau: Mā te whai raina whakaputa me te mekameka tuku pumau ake ka taea te whakarato i te tuku pono ake. He mea nui rawa atu tēnei mō ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te nui o te maitai.
4. Te awe o te waitohu: He nui ake te awe o te waitohu, ā, he nui ake te mākete
5. Ratonga: He kamupene rino nui e whakauru ana i te whakaritenga, te kawe me te whakaputa
6. Whakataetae utu: utu whaitake
*Tukuna te īmēra ki[email protected]ki te tiki whakatau utu mō āu kaupapa
TE HAERENGA MAI O NGĀ KIRITAKI
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